Understanding the Differences Between High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome: Myths and Realities
It is common for individuals to seek information and assessment online regarding high-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome. While there are online tests such as RAADs and Aspie Tests available, these are merely preliminary screening tools and may provide an indication of the likelihood of being autistic, but they do not diagnose or classify an individual into high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome specifically.
Defunct Diagnostic Terms
Asperger's syndrome and high-functioning autism are no longer officially recognized terms by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) made significant changes in its taxonomy, eliminating Asperger's syndrome and consolidating various forms of autism under the umbrella term Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Today, assessors may still use these terms within the context of a diagnosis, but official diagnostic criteria no longer include them.
Prescreening and Next Steps
Online prescreening tests like RAADs and Aspie Tests can provide a preliminary assessment and indicate the likelihood of an autism spectrum condition. However, if you are unsure or feel the test results are inconclusive, it is advisable to consult a general practitioner (GP). They can refer you for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autistic spectrum condition (ASC) assessment.
While these prescreening tools can provide preliminary information, a formal diagnosis is subjective and involves professional evaluation. The level of support and intervention needed can significantly influence the decision to pursue a professional diagnosis.
Thesame Symptomatology and Professional Opinion
The diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder do not differentiate between high-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome. Both terms were previously used to describe individuals with high-functioning autism, which was considered more severe due to language developmental delays. However, these distinctions are now obsolete, and all diagnoses under the ASD umbrella are based on overall symptomatology and varying levels of social, communication, and behavioral difficulties.
A diagnosis is essentially an expert opinion based on clinical evaluation, and there is no absolute test to definitively diagnose autism. The assessment process typically involves gathering detailed information about the individual's development, behaviors, and interactions in different environments, with input from caregivers, educators, and sometimes medical professionals.
Modern Diagnostics and Terminology
As of 2013, the American Psychiatric Association updated its diagnostic criteria with the DSM-5. This update led to a more cohesive and inclusive description of autism spectrum disorders. Those who were previously diagnosed with high-functioning autism can now be properly diagnosed as having type 1 ASD. Similarly, those who were previously referred as having Asperger's syndrome are now diagnosed as individuals with autistic traits or type 2 ASD, if they meet the criteria.
The term "high-functioning" is still used by some practitioners to describe mildly affected individuals who can learn to be self-supporting. These individuals typically make up approximately 85% of the autistic population. However, this term is not included in the official diagnostic criteria.
It is important to note that while these terms are still used in certain contexts, the focus of the diagnosis is now on the individual's unique set of challenges and strengths rather than on these outdated labels.
Conclusion
While the terms high-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome are no longer officially recognized, the distinctions between these conditions can still be valuable in understanding and supporting individuals on the autism spectrum. The jury is still out on whether the distinctions matter as there is significant overlap in symptomatology.
Ultimately, the focus should be on the individual's needs, strengths, and challenges. Autistic individuals and their supporters should concentrate on what diagnostics can offer in terms of support and understanding rather than dwelling on outdated terms.
It is also worth considering that continuing to advertise these terms can sometimes reinforce stigma, which is a significant issue within the autism community. Understanding and promoting a more inclusive and supportive environment is crucial for everyone on the spectrum, regardless of whether they are labeled with specific terms.