Thomas Aquinas: Theologian, Philosopher, and His Lasting Legacy
Thomas Aquinas, a prominent medieval Catholic theologian and philosopher, played a significant role in shaping Western thought and theology. Born in the 13th century, his work has influenced both religious and academic discourse, earning him recognition as one of the greatest intellects of the Middle Ages.
Early Life and Education
Thomas Aquinas was born between 1224 and 1226 into a noble family in the Kingdom of Naples. His early education began at the Abbey of Monte Cassino, where he was introduced to the rich tradition of monastic life. From here, he moved to the University of Naples during his teenage years, after the abbey was taken over by imperial forces.
During his studies at Naples, Aquinas became acquainted with the works of Aristotle, the quintessential philosopher of reason. He adopted the moniker of “The Philosopher” and eventually joined the Dominican Order of friars, a group dedicated to studying, teaching, and preaching rather than solitary contemplation.
Professional Career
Aquinas was sent to Rome and then to Paris by his superiors to further his studies. However, due to objections from his parents, he was detained at home for two years. Eventually, he was able to rejoin the Dominicans in 1246 and continued his studies at the University of Paris. Here, he served as a lecturer and eventually became an apprentice professor and later a full professor of theology.
During his tenure, Aquinas lectured on the Bible and various theological topics, leading to the famous series of works known as the Disputed Questions. He wrote extensively on both philosophical and theological subjects, producing notable works such as the Summa Contra Gentiles and the Summa Theologiae.
Lifestyle and Virtues
Aquinas was known for his dedication to prayer, poverty, chastity, and obedience. He was inquisitive and sought to explore God in every possible way. He communicated his ideas with clarity, quoting various sources and not relying solely on authority.
Legacy and Controversies
Thomas Aquinas's current legacy is a topic of much debate. While the Catholic Church reveres him and incorporates his thoughts into their teaching, others may be unimpressed by his style of writing and dated opinions. Nevertheless, his contributions to philosophical theology are invaluable, particularly on perennial topics such as the nature of God, the problem of evil, and the relationship between free will and providence.
Important Works:
Summa Contra Gentiles Summa Theologiae Disputed QuestionsIt is clear that Thomas Aquinas was a man deeply committed to God and the Church. His tireless work and dedication to teaching the next generations are virtues worthy of admiration by all Christians.
Further Reading:
What are the five ways of Thomas Aquinas? What is apophatic theology? What is divine simplicity? What moral theory did Thomas Aquinas hold to? What are the distinct philosophic elements of St. Thomas Aquinas' discourse on the problem of evil?