The Origins of 'Passion': A Latin or Greek Etymology?

The word passion has a rich and complex history, with roots tracing back to both Latin and Greek. For centuries, scholars and linguists have debated its origins, leading to intriguing discussions and theories. This article will explore the etymology of passion and reveal its ties to both Latin and Greek, providing a comprehensive view of one of the most significant terms in the English language.

Origins in Middle English and Old French

Though passion has been in use since the 12th century, its origins can be traced back further. In Middle English, the word was used to refer to the 'sufferings' of Christ on the cross and his death. This usage originated from the Old French word passion (or passio`n), which meant 'Christ’s passion or physical suffering.' This Old French word, in turn, comes from the Late Latin word passionen and the Medieval Latin passio, which belong to the Church Latin tradition.

Latin and Greek Roots

While the Old French and Latin sources give us insight into the word's usage and origin, debates about its true etymology often circle back to Latin and Greek. The Latin word passion traces back to the Latin verb pati, which means 'to suffer.' Similarly, the Greek word pathos has been cited as a likely source. However, the etymology of passion presents a fascinating linguistic puzzle, as Latin and Greek are considered false cognates by some experts.

False Cognates and Specialist Knowledge

Many linguists argue that the Latin and Greek words are false cognates. This means that while the words may sound similar and share a similar meaning, they have different roots. For instance, the Latin word passion derives from the verb pati, which means 'to suffer.' Meanwhile, the Greek word pathos also refers to suffering or feeling. However, experts note that the Latin and Greek roots are distinct.

Interestingly, the pathogenesis of the word passion involves a fascinating transformation of sounds. For example, in Greek, the sound represented by kenth- could develop into pe- in Latin. This transformation is a prime example of how languages can evolve and diverge over time, leading to what appear to be similar words with distinct origins.

Modern Usage and Interpretation

Today, the word passion has evolved to encompass not just suffering, but also intense enthusiasm or dedicated feelings. For example, it can refer to a strong feeling, such as love, dedication, or zeal. The original suffering connotation still exists in some contexts, but the broader usage has expanded significantly.

Conclusion

The etymology of passion is a linguistic treasure trove, reflecting the complex history and evolution of language. Whether it comes from Latin, Greek, or both, the word passion continues to play a vital role in English, carrying both historical and modern meanings. Understanding its etymology deepens our appreciation for the richness and complexity of the English language.