The Intersection of Applied Linguistics and Language Learning

Applied linguistics plays a critical role in modern language learning, bridging the gap between theoretical linguistic knowledge and practical classroom application. This field is dedicated to the study of language, taking into account real-life issues such as teaching, learning, first and second language acquisition, language policy, and standardization.

Theorizing Language Learning

Theorizing how language is learned is a complex endeavor that draws heavily from linguistics. Theorists and researchers must decide whether language is an innate faculty, a social phenomenon, or a combination of both. These differing perspectives lead to various approaches to language learning and teaching.

Behaviourist and Structuralist Approaches

Followers of behaviourism and structuralism view learning a language as akin to learning other skills—through repetition, reward, and reinforcement. The Audiolinguistic method is one of the most famous approaches derived from this tradition. In this method, errors are immediately corrected to ensure the learner practices correct performance.

Socially Oriented Functional Approaches

A more socially oriented and functional approach sees language as a tool for communication and comprehension. This approach emphasizes fluency, interaction, and real-world application. Teaching methods based on this approach often adapt to the specific learning styles and needs of students, aiming to create a compelling learning environment.

Adapting to Diverse Learners

Teaching a language involves more than just linguistic theory. Educators must adapt their methods to cater to the diverse needs and learning styles of their students. Effective instruction requires simplifying complex concepts, using engaging materials, and avoiding jargon.

Applied Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching

Applied linguistics is primarily associated with foreign language teaching, as courses often focus on the practical aspects of teaching and learning foreign languages. However, the principles of applied linguistics can be extended to the teaching of native speakers' language, particularly in the context of reading, writing, and spelling.

The Impact of Spelling Systems

Spelling systems play a crucial role in language learning, especially in languages like English, which lack a systematic orthography. In English, the spelling system is often described as 'exceptional' due to the numerous ways a single phoneme can be represented, making it challenging for learners to decode words.

For example, a single phoneme like the schwa has 13 different representations in English. This complexity makes it difficult for learners to decode words confidently, especially in multisyllabic words. As a result, foreign language learners and native speakers alike must rely on a model or teacher for guidance. This has significant implications for teaching methods, often leading to less-than-ideal pedagogies that rely heavily on memorization.

Reforming the Spelling System

The lack of a systematic spelling system in English has a profound impact on teaching methodologies. Vocal models and repetitive reading programs are commonly used to prevent students from decoding words incorrectly. These methods, while necessary, often hinder more independent and efficient learning.

Advocates for educational reform argue that restructuring the English spelling system to be more systematic could significantly improve teaching methods and enhance learning outcomes. For instance, spelling systems that are more systematic could allow for more student-led learning and the use of approaches like the Montessori method, which emphasize independent reading and learning.

Linguists and educators discuss these issues on platforms like Quora, where they debate the merits of current spelling systems and the efforts to reform them. Despite these discussions, there is a notable lack of action to reform the English spelling system, despite its clear impact on teaching and learning.

Conclusion

Applied linguistics continues to evolve, offering valuable insights into language learning and teaching. By fostering a deeper understanding of how language is learned and taught, applied linguists can contribute to more effective and engaging educational practices. While challenges remain, efforts to improve the English spelling system could pave the way for more efficient and compelling language learning methods.