The Evolution of American English: Noah Webster and His Dictionary

One of the foundational figures in the evolution of American English is Noah Webster, an 18th-century lexicographer and author who played a pivotal role in shaping the unique spelling and vocabulary of the American language. This article explores why Noah Webster created his dictionary, the historical context of his work, and the lasting impact on American English.

Why Noah Webster Created His Dictionary

Noah Webster did not aim to create a dumbed-down or 'simplified' version of English; rather, he sought to standardize and differentiate American English from its British counterpart. This differentiation was rooted in both recognizing existing differences and intentionally creating new ones. Webster's dictionary was not solely a reflection of British English but was adapted to fit the linguistic needs of the American populace.

One of the primary reasons for Webster's work was the lack of a standardized American English. In 1806, he published his first dictionary during a time when English spelling conventions were inconsistent and often idiosyncratic. This inconsistency was partly due to the early settlers' inability to bring over books, particularly those related to language, leading to a reliance on the local ministers and their personal spelling practices.

Historical Context

Noah Webster grew up in Connecticut, a small state in a young nation. He graduated from Yale University in the early 18th century and was heavily involved in the political and revolutionary fervor of the time. Webster was motivated by a belief in the power of language to support independence and revolution. His passion for simplification aligns with the broader sentiment of revolutionaries at the time, who believed that simpler and more straightforward language could promote progress and understanding.

Key Spelling Changes

Webster's dictionary introduced several changes to traditional British spellings. For instance, he simplified spellings by removing silent letters or altering spellings to match American pronunciation. Some examples include:

In addition to these changes, Webster also suggested new spellings for terms with American origins, such as:

Although not all of his suggestions were adopted, Webster's work laid the groundwork for the American English we know today. His dictionary also featured over 70,000 entries, surpassing the scope and authority of the 1755 British masterpiece by Samuel Johnson.

Legacy and Influence

Noah Webster's dictionary marked a significant milestone in American language development. It influenced not only the spelling of American English but also the vocabulary and cultural context. The dictionary's success, particularly its influence on the American educational system, cemented its place in the pantheon of American cultural products.

Today, while not all of Webster's spellings have survived, many of his most notable changes remain. The dictionary continues to evolve, maintaining a vital role in shaping and documenting the language used in the United States.

Concluding Thoughts

Noah Webster's creation of his dictionary was driven by a deep-seated belief in the power of language to foster understanding and promote national identity. His work stands as a testament to the ongoing evolution and diversification of the English language, a process that continues to shape the way we communicate today.