The Christian Bible and the Separation of Church and State

Is there a clear biblical directive regarding the separation of Church and State? This article explores the biblical teachings on this matter, particularly focusing on the authority of the State and the role of the Church. We'll also examine the key passages that reflect Jesus' stance on the relationship between religious and governmental authorities.

Authority of the State vs. Evangelism and Discipleship

One of the key biblical passages that speak to the relationship between the State and the Church is found in Acts 5:27–29. After the apostles were brought before the Sanhedrin, the high priest questioned them about their actions.

The apostles' response is noteworthy, especially in light of Matthew 28:18–20, where Jesus states, 'All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.'

This passage indicates that the authority of the State cannot regulate evangelism and discipleship, as these are directly authorized by Jesus. In essence, the State's authority is limited, and its jurisdiction does not extend to the spiritual domain, as claimed in Acts 5:40: 'They called the apostles in and had them flogged. Then they ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus and let them go.'

Historical Context and Moral Authority

It is important to note that there is no explicit mention of the separation of Church and State in the Bible or the US Constitution. However, the Bible does recognize the separation between different forms of authority, as seen in Jesus' teaching to render unto Caesar what is Caesar's and unto God what is God's (Matthew 22:21).

This teaching reinforces the idea that while the State has authority over temporal matters, it does not have the authority to dictate religious doctrine. Moreover, the State is not the ultimate source of morality, which is attributed to God. The apostles' response in Acts 5:41, 'The apostles left the Sanhedrin rejoicing because they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for the Name,' further highlights the Church's independent stance and its focus on the spiritual realm.

The Dichotomy Between Religions and God’s Kingdom

The Bible consistently emphasizes the separation between religions of the world and God's Kingdom. Throughout the scriptures, there are clear examples where those who remain in the ways of the world are dismissed by God. One such example is the powerful admonition in Matthew 7:21-23: 'Not everyone who says to me, "Lord, Lord," will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Many will say to me on that day, "Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and in your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?" Then I will tell them in response, "I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!"'

These and similar teachings throughout the entire Bible underscore the importance of discerning the true teachings of God from the false teachings of religion. Few people, even among those who claim to read and study the Bible, are able to discern the true spirit of these teachings from the misleading doctrines of false religions.

Conclusion

The Christian Bible provides a clear framework for understanding the relationship between the Church and the State. While the State holds authority in the temporal realm, it does not have jurisdiction over the spiritual domain. This separation is crucial for maintaining the purity and independence of the Church, ensuring that it remains faithful to its calling without interference from political authorities.