Why Did José Rizal Study Abroad?

José Rizal, a renowned Filipino national hero and literary icon, chose to study abroad for several compelling reasons. His journey to Europe was primarily driven by his desire for advanced education, exposure to new ideas, and his personal aspirations for reforms in the Philippines.

Quality of Education

One of the primary reasons Rizal decided to study abroad was the pursuit of a higher quality of education. At the time, the Philippines did not offer the educational opportunities that Europe did. By studying in Europe, Rizal was able to access a broader curriculum and learn from prominent scholars, enhancing both his knowledge and academic skills.

Exposure to European Ideas

Sidestepping the rigid academic institutions of the Philippines, Rizal immersed himself in the enlightening ideals of the Enlightenment. This exposure significantly shaped his views on liberty, equality, and nationalism. Liberal thoughts prevalent during the 19th century had a profound impact on his worldview, making him a strong advocate for social reform.

Advocacy for Reform

A key motivation for Rizal's study abroad was his desire to advocate for reforms in the Philippines. By experiencing the liberal political developments in Europe, he could gather the knowledge and ideas necessary to promote social change and combat colonial oppression. His studies and observations played a pivotal role in shaping his reformist agenda.

Cultural Exchange

Rizal's studies abroad also contributed to his cultural horizons. By studying in countries like Spain, France, and Germany, he encountered a variety of cultures and perspectives that broadened his understanding of global issues. This exposure further strengthened his sense of nationalism and enabled him to connect with the wider world.

Personal Development

In addition to his pursuit of education and advocacy, Rizal was also motivated by personal aspirations. He was a talented artist and writer, and studying abroad offered him the opportunity to develop his skills and pursue his passions. This period of introspection and growth played a significant role in shaping his mature and multifaceted persona.

The Decision to Study Abroad

Contrary to popular belief, Rizal was not sent abroad by the authorities but rather decided to go to Europe on his own. Initially, he planned to study to be an ophthalmologist at the University of Madrid. However, his primary goal was to deepen his understanding of the social and political situations in Europe, allowing him to inform the higher authorities about the pressing issues in the archipelago.

The Governor General's Decision

While Rizal’s studies were primarily for advanced education, the Governor General, Terrero, decided to ask him to leave due to security concerns. His books were deemed a threat, leading to these dire circumstances. Nevertheless, Rizal’s active decision to study abroad remained constant, enhancing his contributions to both personal and national development.