Understanding the Fundamentals of Opera Lyrics

The history of the opera libretto text is long and complex, evolving over centuries with each librettist building upon what came before. Notably, Patrick Smith's book, “The Tenth Muse,” offers a comprehensive exploration of this fascinating topic. While the book may not be in print anymore, it remains accessible online. I particularly recommend the chapters dedicated to Boito and Wagner, but to appreciate the full context, it is best to start from the beginning. Even as a long-standing opera enthusiast since the late 1950s, I found much that surprised me in Smith's work.

The Key to Successful Opera Lyrics

When composing opera lyrics, the primary goal is to move the story forward. Essentially, something significant should change from the beginning to the end of a musical number. This evolution keeps the audience engaged and invested in the plot. Unlike popular songs, which often feature repeated refrains or choruses, opera forms do not generally require such structures. This is crucial to understand, as it sets a distinct framework for the writing and composition process.

Shifting Perspectives in Opera Composition

If one is approaching opera lyrics optimally, the answer is a resounding yes. The writing structure for opera lyrics is indeed different from that of a typical song. This is because opera is fundamentally a form of drama, where the lyrics serve as poetry that propels the narrative forward through the dramatic arc. Given this, the approach must be more akin to playwrighting rather than traditional poetry. The same principle applies to the composition of the music.

To achieve a successful opera, the shift in thinking from poet to playwright is essential. This involves understanding and portraying the emotional and narrative complexities that drive the characters and story. Essential in all forms of storytelling, this transition ensures that the music, lyrics, and drama work cohesively to create a compelling performance. As Patrick Smith succinctly notes, if the composition remains too stagey, with singers merely repeating phrases without musical or dramatic progression, the result can be formulaic and less engaging. This is often referred to as the “park and bark” form, which is to be avoided.

Conclusion

In summary, opera lyrics are not simply words in a song; they are an integral part of the dramatic framework that defines the form. While the principles of lyrical and melodic composition remain important, the focus on advancing the story and portraying its characters is paramount. This unique blend of poetry and drama requires a shift in perspective and approach, whether you're a seasoned librettist or a newcomer to the world of opera. By embracing this different structure, one can create works that captivate and move audiences on a profound level.