Correct Usage of Terminology in Describing Language Proficiency

When discussing individuals who have learned a language through self-study or formal education, it is common and appropriate to refer to them as speakers. This terminology is widely accepted in both academic and everyday contexts. Whether it is a spoken language or a signed language, one should use the appropriate terminology to reflect the nature of the language in question.

Why Use "Speak"?

The verb "speak" is versatile and encompassing. It includes both the spoken and signed forms of language. For instance, one can say, "John speaks Mandarin fluently."

Alternatively, it can describe a person's ability to communicate in multiple languages: "Mary speaks three languages: English, French, and American Sign Language."

However, there is a movement within the deaf community to reclaim the word "speak" to describe signed languages. Many deaf individuals object to the word "use" when referring to signed languages as it can diminish the value and status of signed languages.

The Argument against "Use" in Describing Signed Languages

The term "use" is often criticized as it can imply that signed languages are merely tools rather than rich, full-fledged languages. This is even more evident when comparing signed languages to spoken languages. To illustrate, imagine replacing "signed language" with "French" or "Japanese":

"I use French."

"I use Japanese."

These sentences feel awkward and unnatural, suggesting that the term "use" degrades the status of a language, similar to how we might describe the use of tools.

Best Practices for Describing Language Proficiency

When referring to spoken or signed languages, it is recommended to use the verb "speak" whenever possible. For example, one should say, "I speak English when I talk with my parents and I speak American Sign Language when I talk with my deaf friends."

Consistency is key. By using "speak" for both spoken and signed languages, you respect the full status and nature of these languages. This choice in terminology supports the belief that all languages are equally important and complex.

Conclusion

The proper use of terminology is crucial in discussions about language proficiency. By choosing the word "speak" over "use" when referring to signed languages, one can ensure that these languages are recognized for their full value and complexity. This choice reflects a balanced and respectful approach to all forms of language.